Automatic hand-tacker.



J. GELZENLIUHTER.

AUTOMATIC HAND TAOKER.

APPLIGATION FILED JUNE 12, 1905.

957,946. Patented May 17, 1910.

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J. GELZENLIGHTER,

AUTOMATIC HAND TAOKEE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12, 1905,

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John ezenZichier JOHN GELZENLIGHTER, (3F LYNN, MASSAGE.

MENTS, TO MANUFACTURERS MACHINE A CORPORATION OF NEW'JER-SEY.

COMPANY,

AUTOMATIC HAND-TACKER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

USETTS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- OF IVIONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY,

Patented May 17, 1910.

Application filed June 12, 1905 Serial No. 264,795.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN GnLznNLIoHrnn, a citizen of the United States,residing at Lynn, in the county of Essex and Common wealth ofMassachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Automatic Hand Tackers,of which the following description, in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representinglike parts.

This invention relates to portable or hand tackers for driving tacks orother fastenings employed in lasting boots and shoes or for any otherpurpose for which it may be adapted.

In the lasting of boots and shoes it is common to last the sides thereofby hand, employing for the purpose the well known lasting pincers. Theoperator ordinarily pulls up, or over, the upper with these pincers and,with the thumb of his other hand, holds it in position while he releasesthe pincers, takes a tack from his mouth and points it in the stock anddrives it with a blow from the pincers that are provided with a hammerhead for the purpose. He thus loses the time required for holding theupper, fasteniiig a tack in position and driving it by hand, and theresult has been that hand last ing, which in itself possesses manyadvantages, has been largely displaced by machinery, which frequentlyproduces inferior work. i

To facilitate the lasting and reduce the cost thereof machines have beenemployed that are fitted with wiping or lasting devices that engage theupper and lay it over and upon the sole and, while it is there held bythe lasting device, the operator, by means of a hand tacker that hecarries in one hand and a mall that he holds in the other, followsaround the edge of the iiifolded upper and tacks the same in position.This requires the use of both hands and prevents the operator frommanipulating the upper in any manner during the tacking operation. It isfrequently desirable, not only for greater speed, but also for obtainingmore satisfactory work, to employ a tack driver that can be carried inand operated by one hand, leaving the other free to manipulate theleather and draw it over the last in one or another essary properly andfor this pur vided that are driven from source of power, as by aflexible shaft, or by a pneumatic tube, or by a conductor.

flexible electric N one of these machines however, so far as known tome, have gone into commercial use, ascertain, becaus tion, whatever itlargely, so far as I can e the flexible power connecmay be, between thetacker and the stationary source of power, interferes with the f recmanipulation and positioning of the tacker to such an extent thatsatisfactory work cannot be had.

Recognizing the demand for a tacker that can be carried and manipulatedand recognizing by one hand,

also that such a tacker must be wholly free from interference by anyconnections leading to any stationary source of power, my presentinvention comprehends a tacker that is p rovided with stored power whichmay be drawn upon as required for the driving of the tacks and thus maybe carried and manipulated wholly by one hand and with the un mostfreedom of manipulation and presentation.

In carrying out my invention I employ a spring of any suitable type bewound or tensioned to and which may a sufficient extent to permit of thedriving of a number of tacks in succession. that the device have the ingsuccessively It is not essential capacity for drivall the tacks requiredto encircle the shoe because in lasting any shoe, it is frequentlynecessary to suspend the tacking in order that the upper may be properlyadjusted therefor. therefore, a device that will twenty to thirtysufficient,

and in readiness period.

In practice drive from tacks will ordinarily be provided convenientmeans be at hand for renewing the stored power quickly for a. furthertack driving I prefer to employ for the driving, a

powerful spring may be wound of the clock type, which quickly and whichby the aid of proper mechanism may operate to give off its powerintermittently for the equired number of tacks in driving of the rsuccession. Such a spring need not be of excessive weight and admits ofthe use of convenient mechanical devices for quickly winding it duringthe frequent periods of disuse of the machine in the process of lastitis already common to provide hand tackers with raceways of sufficientlength to hold the required number of tacks for a number of successivedriving operations of the tacker, and means have been provided forquickly presenting this tacker to a holding apparatus that will renewthe supply of tacks in the interim between the periods of use of thetacker. In working out my invention 1 have found it convenient to employsuch a raceway and tack holding mechanism, providing in connectiontherewith, suitable spring winding or power renewing means that may beengaged simultaneously with the engagement of the tack supplying meansso that the tack supply may be renewed, and the power stored at one andthe same time. The parts may be so proportioned that by the time thestored power or the tack supply has been exhausted, the other also willbe ready for renewal, the two being renewed at the same time. Obviously,however, it is a mere matter of convenience to associate the tackrenewing and power renewing means for simultaneous operation, for manyof the advantages of my invention may be had without this simultaneousaction.

My invention will be best understood from a description of oneembodiment thereof which I have herein selected for the purposes ofillustration, and which is shown in the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings, Figure 1 in side elevation shows a loader and tackerillustrating my invention, the tacker being in loading and windingposition relative to the loader; Fig. 2 is a top or plan view of Fig. 1,the hopper and mechanism contained therein being broken away or removed;Fig. 3, a vertical sect-ion through the tacker proper; Fig. 4 ahorizontal section on the dotted line 44, Fig. 3; Fig. 5, a verticalsectional detail through the lower end of the tacker, Fig. 3, thesection being taken on the dotted line 55, Fig. 6, a cross section onthe irregular dotted line 66, Fig. 5; and Fig. 7, a detail illustratingthe form of stop motion employed in the device, Fig. 3.

In the embodiment of my invention selected for illustration herein andshown in the drawings, referring first to Figs. 1 and 2, the tacks orfastenings in bulk are placed in a hopper, H, mounted upon a suitablestandard, h, shown as adapted to rest upon a bed secured to a bench orto and upon the top of a column, as may be desired. Within the hopper isarranged a vertical reciprocable lifter h, having a movement from belowthe hopper bottom to an elevation such that it may deliver its tacks tothe upper end of the downwardly inclined stationary raceway h", mountedin the standard it. This tack lifter may be reciprocated by any suitablemechanism, 1 having herein shown for the purpose a link 7 connectingsaid lifter with the free end of a lever h, fulcrumed at 71/5 in thestandard and actuated by a connecting rod h joined to it or to aseparate arm upon its fulcrum shaft, and in turn operated by a crank pin7L7 upon or connected with a pulley h driven by a belt 71. from anysuitable power shaft. The pulley it may be journaled in bearings in thestandard h, or preferably in a bracket h removably attached thereto.

The tack delivering mechanism here described operates upon the principleof the mechanism shown in United States patent to Crisp and Copeland,No. 455,174, issued June 30, 1891, this mechanism having proven suitablefor this purpose in more or less extended use. Obviously, however, anyother suitable or desired tack loading mechanism or means for deliveringtacks to a loading chute may be employed.

The downwardly inclined stationary raceway 7L terminates at its lowerend, just beyond the front face of the standard h, in a substantiallyvertical face at it adapted to receive and furnish lateral support to acorrespondingly faced end of a raceway a, attached to and forming a partof the removable hand tacker A. The supporting end face of the tackerraceway a is provided with a horizontally extended plug 60, shown indotted lines in Fig. 1, adapted to be inserted in a recess therefor inthe face it of the stationary raceway, the said plug in said recessserving to support the raceway a and in part, the tacker A, with thestationary and removable raceways k and a in alinement, so that tackspreviously loaded into the stationary raceway, may slide in a body downinto and to fill the removable raceway a for the purpose of removal ofthe tacker for use. As here shown, the plug a is not relied upon tofurnish the entire support to the tacker during the period of loading,but obviously, said plug may be so shaped and proportioned as to furnishentire support for the tacker; in fact, my invention is not restrictedto any particular kind or type of supporting means for the tacker solong as when supported it is in proper position for its raceway to beloaded as hereinbefore stated.

To support the tacks in the stationary raceway during the periods ofremoval of the hand tacker, I have provided the lower end of the saidstationary raceway with a gate 2', standing across the raceway andfulcrumed at its lower end at 2', so that it may be swung to one side tofree the tacks and permit them to slide downward into the tackerraceway. To throw this gate to one side automatically when the tackerraceway is positioned for loading, I have beveled the end of the plug aas indicated at a so that, as said plug is inserted in its recess, itsinclined face by engaging the uide will throw the same to one side sothat the tacks are freed vertically simultaneously with the positioningof the tacker for loadin The tacker raceway itself is its end with aspring actuated closure a, that is pressed normally upon the top of thetackcr raceway, to prevent the tacks therein from being spilled out whenthe tacker is in use. lVhen the tacker is applied to the leader asindicated in Fig. 1, this closure en gages a portion of the face of thestationary raceway and is elevated away from the line of travel of thetacks so that the latter may slide freely into the tacker raceway.Removal of the tacker permits this closure to snap down upon the upperend of the tacker raceway and lock the contained tacks against removalexcept as they are used.

The tacker itself, is best shown in Figs. 3 to 7 inclusive, to whichreference may now be had. it comprises a body A which, for lightness,may be made of aluminum, and is formed to receive the vertical slidingspindle 7), provided its lower end with a head 7) that fits the bore ofthe body A so as to guide the spindle in its vertical movements. Thespindle is also guided near its upper end in a plug 71 screwed into thebody and therefore adjustable as to position, and between this plug andthe spindle head is interposed a driving spring 79 of a strengthsufficient to drive a tack into the work upon which the tacker is tooperate.

The mechanism for picking off the tacks from the raceway and drivingthem singly may be of any of the well known types. As here shown, thespindle head is provided with a driver bar 5 which reciprocatesvertically in a threat 7)", and the tacks are picked off from theraceway and moved into position in the throat below the driver by asliding picker 6, moved in one direction by a spring 737, and in theopposite direction by a bevel pointed pin Z2 also mounted upon thespindle head. lVhen the spindle is depressed, the bevel pointed pin 71engages the picker Z2 and throws it back to permit the lowest tack inthe series inthe raceway to gravitate or be pushed into the spaceadjacent the throat and upon upward movement of the driver barpreparatory to driving the new tack, the picker is thrown inward by itsspring and picks off this lowermost tack and moves it positively intothe throat beneath the driver bar ready to be driven. As the driver bardescends, this picker is thrown back before the tack is engaged fordriving.

ts' provided at To lift the driving spindle against the tension of andto compress the driver spring b I have slotted the upper end of thespindie, as at 7), to span the cross shaft 0, upon which is mounted thedriver cam 0, shown as of involute shape and engaging the roller stud c011 the upper end of the spindle. Rotation of this cam acts to elevatethe spindle relatively slowly, thereby to compress the driver spring72', and when the highest point of the cam is passed, the spindle maydrop under the tension of the driver spring to deliver a sharp drivingblow upon and to drive the tack. To rotate this driver cam as desired, Ihave provided a cross shaft (.1, with which it is connected by a pawl,on the cam, and ratchet, on the shaft, said shaft in turn being providedwith a pinion which is driven by a larger toothed wheel fast upon aparallel shaft journaled in the walls of an open chamber A of and at theupper end of the body A. To this wheel 0", is attached the outer end ofthe actuator spring S, preferably and most conveniently of the clockspring type. The inner end of this spring is attached to the sleeve c,(Fig. at) mounted upon the shaft c and provided at its end with thetoothed wheel nor mally engaged by the spring actuated pawl (Fig. 3)which restrains said sleeve and the inner end of the spring normallyagainst rotation. ()bviously, under these conditions, rotation of thespring shaft by turning the wheel 4" and the outer end of the spring,will cause the spring to be wound.

To retain the spring in its wound condition and to free itintermittently as required for driving the tacks, any suitable let-otl'or release device may be employed. T have herein illustrated for thepurpose a vertically sliding release bar (Z, arranged to slidevertically in a suitablev guide -way shown as formed between the guidepins (3, said release bar being slotted centrally to receive the springshaft. relative to which it slides. Cooperating with the upper and lowerends of this release bar are a plurality (herein four) lugs (P, on theside of the wheel 0', one of which is always in holding engagement withthe upper or lower end of the release bar. Assuming one of these lugs tobe in holding engagement with the upper end of said bar, if the bar bedepressed to free the engaging lug, the spring will uir wind and turnits wheel 0* through approximately 90 until another lug engages thelower end of the release bar. but obviously at the opposite side of saidbar. If now said bar be raised, the lower contacting lug will bereleased and another 90 rotation of the spring shaft permitted, when itwill be stopped by engagement of another lug with the upper end of thebar. Thus alternate upward and downward movements of the release bar,permit step by step 90 rotation of the spring shaft. Every 90 rotationof the spring shaft, produces one complete rotation of the driver camshaft to lift the driver spindle to compress its spring and release itto permit the spring to drive a tack.

I prefer to employ two springs, as here shown, one an actuator springwhich fur nishes the principal power of the machine, and the other adriver spring, because by so doing, the actuator spring has more time inthe intervals between the driving of successive tacks, to do its work,namely, the lifting of the driver bar and the compression of the driverspring, leaving the driver spring to deliver a quick and sharp blow fordriving a tack. I am thus enabled to use a smaller actuator spring, oram enabled to obtain a complete driving action of the driver with lessreleasing movement of said spring. Obviously, however, the actuatorspring may be arranged in a manner that will be well understood by thoseskilled in the art, to actuate directly the driver bar so that everyreleasing movement of the actuator spring would directly produce adriving action or complete reciprocation of the driver bar.

To enable the operator conveniently to move the release bar, any desiredmeans may be employed. I have herein provided the upper end of the bodyA with a bell crank releasing lever (1 normally under the control of thespring (Z and jointed to the lower end of the release bar. The fingerarm of this lever is conveniently positioned for engagement by the forefinger of the operators hand that holds the tacker, so that byalternately compressing the said finger piece against its spring andreleasing it, successive tacks may be driven. I have found it convenientto cause each movement of the said finger piece in either direction todrive a tack, but if more convenient, every alternate movement, that is,only movements in one direction of the finger piece may be re quired forthe driving of successive tacks.

To wind the actuator spring during the periods of disuse of the tacker,namely, while it is in the position for the loading of its raceway, Ihave mounted in the bracket h of the loader standard (Figs. 1 and 2) ahorizontal winding shaft 6, socketed at its outer end to receive thesliding stem 6 of the ratchet-tooth faced head 6 A spring 62X isinterposed between this head and the winder shaft, which presses saidhead normally outward, but which permits the head to be pressed inwardas may be necessary for effective operative engagement as will appear.This winder shaft and its spring supported ratchet-tooth faced head care so located that they are opposed to and alined with the actuatorspring shaft 0 when the tacker is positioned for loading and the end ofthe actuator spring shaft (see Fig. 4c) is provided with a head 0*having its face correspondingly though oppositely ratchet toothed forengagement with the spring supported head 6 WVhen the loader ispositioned for loading the ratchet head on the spring shaft meets fairlythe spring supported ratchet head on the winder shaft and, if theopposing teeth are in position for immediate and full engagement, thespring shaft may immediately be rotated by the winder shaft. If,however, the teeth are so offset relative to each other that they do notenter into full engagement, the spring supported head will yield asnecessary to permit the tacker to get into position and, as the springsupported head rotates,'it will gradually move outward until it reachesfull engagement with the spring shaft head, when the two will thereafterrotate in unison.

The actuator shaft 6 may be driven in suit-able manner; I have hereinprovided it with a beveled driving gear 6 driven by a bevel gear 6, upona shaft 6 The hub of this bevel gear 6* is provided with ratchet teethadapted for engagement by corresponding teeth upon the hub of thedriving pulley it hereinbefore referred to, as driving the loadermechanism. The hub of this pulley is circumferentially grooved toreceive the forked end of a lever 65, fulcrumed at e in the supportingbracket and havin its tail end positioned for engagement by the beveledend of a sliding bar 0 mounted in the bracket and controlled by thespring a \Vhen this slide bar is pressed inward it operates through thelever 65X to slide the pulley 71 and the ratchet into driving engagementwith the gear (1*, thereby to drive the winder shaft to wind theactuator spring. When the slide bar is released its spring 6 throws itforward to permit said lever 65X under the action of a spring 6 (Fig. 1)encircling its pivot pin 6 to throw the said pulley out of engagementwith the gear 6 thereby to stop rotation of the winder shaft,notwithstanding the said pulley continues to operate and to cause itsconnected mechanism to continue to load tacks into the stationaryraceway h To control the movements of this sliding bar 6 so as to stopthe winding of the spring when the latter is fully wound, or at apredetermined point in its winding, I have provided stop mechanismillustrated in Fig. 7. It consists, as shown, of a star wheel f fastupon the end of the driver cam shaft 0 (see Fig. 4) and, in operativeengagement with this star wheel is a cam wheel f that is fast upon theactuator spring shaft 0 so that every complete rotation of the springshaft in the winding of this spring, causes a single step rotation ofthe star wheel 7, it requiring in the present instance thirteenrotations of the spring shaft to produce one complete rotation of thestar wheel. The star wheel is provided at the proper point with a stopprojection f Which, at the end of its rotative movement by lockingengagement with the cam f, prevents further winding movement of thespring shaft. At a proper point on this star wheel f is formed a recessi which, simultaneously with the stopping of the spring shaft againstfurther rotation comes into position opposite the end of the sliding bar6 and permits the latter to spring forward and stop the winder shaftfrom further rotation. The pawl and ratchet connections between thedriver cam and its shaft 0 permit this shaft to be rotated therebyrotating the star wheel during the winding of the spring without movingsaid cam and without disturbing the driver. Opposite rotation of the camshaft however by and during the unwinding of the actuator spring, causescorresponding and effective rotation of the driver cam.

Referring to Fig. 4:, between the pinion 0 and the spindle, I haveplaced a guide block 0 which rests at one end against the pinion and hasits opposite end vertically grooved to receive the side of the driverspindle to steady and support the latter at a point above the plugbearing 5 In the operation of the machine, the operator, while lasting ashoe, pulls over the shoe upper with one hand, and, holding the tackerin his other hand, drives the tacks into and to hold the upper whereverhe pleases by simple manipulation of the finger lever (Z This driving ofthe tacks is with out any effort on his part beyond what is necessary toplace the nose of the tacker at the point where the tack is to bedriven, and the weight of the tacker merely sufficient to give itsufiicient body to withstand the tack driving blow, without conscious orexcessive effort upon the part of the operator after holding it againstits work.

The capacity of the actuator spring is suflicient to drive as many tacksas it is desired shall be driven without interruption. This may beenough to tack both sides of a shoe, but ordinarily a plurality of thesetackers would be used and one tacker would be used upon one side of ashoe, and another upon the opposite side. However this may be, wheneverthe intended number of tacks have been driven, the tacker is presentedto the loader and is simultaneously connected for the loading of itsraceway with tacks and for the winding of its actuator spring to storeup the driving power for the next period of use. As herein shown, thestationary tack raceway is being loaded during the period of use of thetacker, so that when the tacker is presented to the loader, its racewaywill be filled practically instantly by the entire body of tacks slidingat once into the tacker raceway, and thus everything will be renewed insuch time as will permit the tacker to be ready for further use by thetime the operator has manipulated the shoe ready for further tacking;but where a plurality of tackers are used, the period for loading andwinding may be correspondingly enlarged.

The device described is of course superior to the ordinary hand tackerheld in one hand and operated by a driver or mall in the other hand inthat but a single hand is required both to present and to control theoperation of the tacker, leaving the other hand free for work. It isalso superior to any tacker that is in continuous connection as by apneumatic pipe, a flexible shaft, or an electric conductor with thestationary source of power, in that there is no restraint upon orinterference with the free movement manipulation or presentation of thetacker such as inevitably is produced by any form of flexible connectionleading from the tacker to some stationary source of power.

So far as known to me, I am the first to provide a portable tacker witha wound spring, which may be released intermittently for theintermittent operation of the driver; and I believe I am also the firstto provide such a tacker with means for periodically storing this poweror winding this spring during the period of recharging or reloading withtacks or fasteners, so that my invention is not limited to theparticular embodiment thereof herein shown for purposes of illustration,but is susceptible of wide variation within the spirit and scope of myinvention.

1. A fastener driving apparatus comprising a portable fastener drivingdevice provided with stored power means for operating the same, selfcontained stored power means for successively rendering said first namedpower means operable to drive fasteners in succession, and a fastenersupply to supply fasteners.

2. A fastener driving apparatus comprising a portable fastener drivingdevice provided with self-contained stored power means for operating thesame, self contained stored power means for successively rendering saidfirst named stored power means operable to drive fasteners insuccession, and a fastener supply operated by said operating means tosupply fasteners.

3. A fastener driving apparatus comprising in combination a portablefastener driving device provided with a source of fastener supply and asource of stored operat ing power, stationary fastener supplying meansand power storing means.

4. A fastener driving apparatus comprising a portable fastener drivingdevice having a source of stored operating power comprising a spring,stationary power storing means and means for coupling said device tosaid storing means for the storing of operating power.

5. A fastener driving apparatus comprising a portable fastener drivingdevice having a source of stored operating power comprising a springnormally held under ten sion, stationary fastener supplying means andmeans to connect said driving device to said fastener supplying meansfor the supply of fasteners to be driven by said stored power.

6. A fastener driving apparatus comprising in combination a portablefastener driving means having a source of fastener supply and a sourceof stored operating power, stationary fastener supplying means and powerstoring means and means simultaneously to connect said power operatingmeans with said supplying means and said source of fastener supply withsaid fastener supplying means.

7 A fastener driving apparatus comprising a portable fastener drivingdevice having a source of stored operating power, power storing means,means to connect the same with said source of stored operating power forthe storing of the latter and means effectively and automatically todisconnect said source of stored power and said power supplying means ata predetermined point.

8. A fastener driving apparatus comprising a portable fastener drivingdevice having a source of stored operating power and a source offastener supply, operating power storing means and fastener supplyingmeans adapted to be connected with said power operating means and saidsource of fastener supply respectively and means automatically andeffectively to disconnect said power supplyingmeans and said source ofstored operating power without disconnecting said fastener supplyingmeans from said source of fastener supply.

9. A fastener driving apparatus comprising a portable fastener devicecomprising a driving spring and a self-contained normally woundoperating spring furnishing the power for tensioning said drivingspring.

10. A fastener driving apparatus comprising a portable fastener drivingdevice having a reciprocable driver, and self-contained automatic meansfor slowly lifting said driver and permitting quick depression thereofto drive the fastener.

11. A portable fastener driving device comprising a reciprocable driverbar, a driving spring therefor, a. cam to lift said driver bar againstthe action of said spring, and a normally wound operating springoperating said cam.

12. A fastener driving apparatus comprising a portable fastener drivingdevice comprising power operated fastener driving means and acontrolling device therefor adapted upon opposite movements to producesuccessive driving movements.

13. A fastener driving apparatus comprising a portable fastener drivingdevice containing a reciprocable driver, its actuator, a device tocontrol the operation of said actuator, a normally wound operatingspring for governing the operation of said controlling device and afinger operated release for said operating spring combined with meansfor winding said spring, detachable connections between the windingmeans and said spring, and an automatic cut-out therefor.

14. A fastener driving apparatus comprising a portable hand operatedfastener driving tool having means to operate it and provided with meansfor containing said operating means, said operating means comprising areciprocatory driver, a normally tensioned device adapted upon releaseto drive said driver, releasing means therefor, and a self containedsource of stored power to retension said device after driving.

15. In a fastener drivin apparatus, the combination, with a portabdefastener driving device comprising a driver, self-contained stored poweroperating means comprising a normally tensioned spring for causing thedriving movement of said driver, and self-contained means for storing uppower in said operating means, of stationary power storing means forsaid last named means.

16. In a fastener driving apparatus, the combination, with stationarypower storing means, of a portable fastener driving device adapted toreceive stored power from said means, said device being provided withmeans for starting the operation of. said power storing means uponpresentation thereto.

17. In a fastener driving apparatus, the combination, with stationarypower storing means, of a portable fastener driving device adapted toreceive stored power from said means, and means for discontinuing theoperation of said power storing means when a predetermined amount ofpower has been stored.

18. In a portable fastener driving device, the combination, with adriver, a tension device for causing the driving movement of saiddriver, automatic self-contained means for moving said driver inopposition to said tension device and for thereafter releasing the same,and means for controlling said last named means.

19 In a device of the character described, In testimony whereof, I havesigned my the combination with a driver, a stored name to thisspecification, in the presence of power tension device for causingdriving movement of said driver, and stored power 5 means, including acam, for movingsaid driver in opposition to said tension device and forthereafter releasing the same.

two subscribing Witnesses.

JOHN GELZENLYHTER. \Vitnesses FREDERICK L. EMERY, ROBERT H. KAMMLER.

